Band Tuning A4 = 440 Hz · band instrument reference

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Every post, by instrument

By Band Tuning editorial · Facts checked 15 September 2026

89 posts published between 10 March 2024 and 29 May 2024, kept at their original addresses and as written. They are grouped here by the instrument they are about; posts on band instruments in general come last.

These posts predate the reference sheets and were not checked against the sources the sheets use. Where a post states a key, a range or a price, treat the sheet as the reference and the post as a 2024 opinion piece. Each post carries a link to its instrument's sheet at the top.

Trumpet

Reference sheet: trumpet, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

Trombone

Reference sheet: trombone, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

  • Best Student Trombones 27 May 2024 · Trombones are very popular among beginners, particularly beginning band students but also in intermediate/youth orchestras. Today I’d like…
  • The Bass Trombone: Unleashing Its Power (Capabilities and History) 1 April 2024 · The bass trombone is an essential instrument in both jazz and classical music. It has a unique, deep tone that commands attention and adds…
  • Trombone Brands to Avoid 17 March 2024 · If you or someone you know are looking to start trombone you might be struggling with what to pick. Whether you are a beginner or an…
  • Used Trombones – Buying Guide 14 March 2024 · Opting to buy a used trombone can be usually a great way to save money, whether you are a student or beginner player, or even an…
  • Best Trombone Cases – a Guide for Beginners 12 March 2024 · If you just bought a trombone for yourself or your child, whether it is a student trombone or a more advanced instrument, you may be…

Clarinet

Reference sheet: clarinet, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

Saxophone

Reference sheet: saxophone, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

  • Master Saxophone Care: Essential Tips and Tools 30 March 2024 · Saxophones are very intricate devices. If you look at the instrument, it is very complex, almost like a machine. Every single key has a…
  • Saxophone Mutes Expert’s Guide 29 March 2024 · The saxophone is a pretty loud instrument acoustically. But it’s not so easy to mute like other instruments. If you want to mute the…
  • A Simple Guide to Saxophone Reeds 28 March 2024 · Every saxophone needs a reed. There is no way around it. A saxophone reed is essential for making a sound of any kind, and every…
  • Saxophone ligatures 26 March 2024 · If you just got your saxophone, you’re probably checking out all of the different parts. The metal clamp thing that holds the reed on?…
  • Saxophone Pad Savers 25 March 2024 · If you are looking at saxophones, you have probably seen these brightly colored fluffy rods that also make great lightsaber fights. What is…
  • Left-handed Saxophones 25 March 2024 · You may have come across a couple of articles referring to a left-handed saxophone, or maybe you’re just curious about the topic. Do…
  • Jean Baptiste Saxophones 25 March 2024 · If you’ve visited a Sam Ash you may have seen their line of instruments called Jean Baptiste. What are these like? Are they any good? We…
  • Cork Grease for Saxophone 24 March 2024 · You may have noticed a chapstick type tube that came with your saxophone. What is it? What is it used for, and why does it matter? It is…
  • Best Saxophones for Beginners 22 March 2024 · So you or your child want to learn saxophone! Awesome! It’s an amazing instrument to play. It’s a fundamental instrument in jazz and blues…
  • Selling Used Saxophones 20 March 2024 · There are many reasons for selling a used saxophone, whether it’s just because you or your child doesn’t play it anymore, there is a need…
  • Is the Saxophone Hard to Learn? 20 March 2024 · Learning the saxophone is like anything you do. You start slow and gradually build momentum. If you want to become proficient, there are…
  • Alto Saxophone Case – Finding the Right One for You 14 March 2024 · An instrument is a major investment, one that requires protection both from the elements and accidental drops. You will eventually start…
  • Beginner Saxophone Mouthpieces – Alto, Tenor, and Baritone Options 13 March 2024 · No matter what your style, alto to soprano or bass, beginner to pro, or on a budget flush with cash, picking the right saxophone mouthpiece…
  • Buying a Used Saxophone 13 March 2024 · Buying a saxophone, regardless of used or new, should be a heavily researched effort done with careful consideration. Whether you decide to…
  • Saxophones Gifts – Useful Options and Ideas 11 March 2024 · As a saxophone player, I understand the inquiries as to what kind of saxophone gifts should you give to a player on a birthday or holiday.…
  • Sax Neck Straps, How Important Are They? 11 March 2024 · I remember getting my first neck strap, putting it on, and being a little confused as to why this was such an integral part of saxophone…

Flute

Reference sheet: flute, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

  • The Alto Flute (Beginner’s Guide) 30 March 2024 · You’ve been playing the C flute for a while, and you love the sound of the low register. So you start to wonder if it’s time to try the…
  • Selling a Used Flute? How Much It’s Worth and Where to Sell It 29 March 2024 · There are many reasons for selling a used flute, whether it’s just because you or your child doesn’t play it anymore, there is a need to…
  • Flute Accessories 27 March 2024 · If you just started playing the flute, you may wonder what flute accessories you need to get to help make the most of your new instrument.…
  • Flute Cleaning Kit 26 March 2024 · If you’re looking to play the flute, you need a good instrument. But you should also purchase a cleaning kit to maintain your flute at…
  • The 13 Hardest Flute Pieces 25 March 2024 · Between my bachelor’s and master’s degrees, I’ve studied some of the hardest flute pieces in the repertoire. Those works came out of the…
  • Anti-tarnish Strips for Flutes 25 March 2024 · Imagine you find your dream flute and get the perfect sound on it. But after a few months, you notice black spots, or tarnish, starting to…
  • The Yamaha 225SII Flute 24 March 2024 · Are you looking for a good beginner flute for yourself or your child? I’d recommend you try the Yamaha 225SII to determine if it’s a good…
  • Recorder Vs. Flute – What Are Their Differences? (and Their Similarities) 24 March 2024 · The recorder and the flute are from the woodwind family. The question is, how do they compare? What are their main differences, and…
  • Best Beginner Flutes 22 March 2024 · So you or your child have decided to learn to play the flute! Awesome! Being one of the most popular instruments to play in a band,…
  • The Piccolo and Its Differences From the Flute 21 March 2024 · The Piccolo is a half-sized flute, being the tiniest instrument in the woodwind section of a band. Comparable to the size of some 6-hole…
  • Buying a Piccolo – What You Need to Consider 18 March 2024 · When it comes to piccolos, many factors need to be considered before making a purchase. What should you look for? How much should you…
  • The 6 Hole Bamboo Flute – How to Play and Make Your Own 14 March 2024 · This article will give you the basics of how to play the 6 hole bamboo flute, a fascinating instrument, as well as how to make one or where…

Oboe

Reference sheet: oboe, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

Bassoon

Reference sheet: bassoon, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

French horn

Reference sheet: french horn, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

  • Best French Horn Brands 18 March 2024 · Finding a suitable French Horn may be difficult at first glance, but with a few points in consideration, even a beginner player or parent…
  • French Horn Vs. Mellophone – What Are the Differences? 17 March 2024 · If you’ve ever wondered what the difference is between a french horn and a mellophone, there isn’t much of one. There are however some…

Tuba

Reference sheet: tuba, key, tuning note and reference pitches.

  • A Guide to Tuba Mouthpiece Sizes 12 March 2024 · Similar to what happens on other instruments’ mouthpieces, tuba mouthpiece sizes and dimensions can affect the instrument’s sound. And such…
  • Tuba History – Origins and Evolution 10 March 2024 · The Tuba is a musical instrument of the brass family with a somehow recent history when compared to other band instruments. There are tubas…

Band instruments in general

Site pages kept from the previous site

Sources and last verified

  1. Post text: this site's own archive, published between March and May 2024, salvaged from the previous WordPress site on 14 September 2026 and kept as written. Dates shown are the original publication dates. The archive posts were not fact-checked against the sources above.
  2. Method, corrections and what we do not publish: how tunings are sourced. Page checked 15 September 2026.